by The first part of our tutorial focuses of formatting dates in Excel and explains how to set the default date and time formats, how to change date format in Excel, how to create custom date formatting, and convert your dates to another locale.
Along with numbers, dates and times are the most common data types people use in Excel. However, they may be quite confusing to work with, firstly, because the same date can be displayed in Excel in a variety of ways, and secondly, because Excel always internally stores dates in the same format regardless of how you have formatted a date in a given cell.
Knowing the Excel date formats a little in depth can help you save a ton of your time. And this is exactly the aim of our comprehensive tutorial to working with dates in Excel. In the first part, we will be focusing on the following features:
Excel date format
Before you can take advantage of powerful Excel date features, you have to understand how Microsoft Excel stores dates and times, because this is the main source of confusion. While you would expect Excel to remember the day, month and the year for a date, that's not how it works...
Excel stores dates as sequential numbers and it is only a cell's formatting that causes a number to be displayed as a date, time, or date and time.
Dates in Excel
All dates are stored as integers representing the number of days since January 1, 1900, which is stored as number 1, to December 31, 9999 stored as 2958465.
In this system:
- 2 is 2-Jan-1900
- 3 is 3-Jan-1900
- 42005 is 1-Jan-2015 (because it is 42,005 days after January 1, 1900)
Time in Excel
Times are stored in Excel as decimals, between .0 and .99999, that represent a proportion of the day where .0 is 00:00:00 and .99999 is 23:59:59.
For example:
- 0.25 is 06:00 AM
- 0.5 is 12:00 PM
- 0.541655093 is 12:59:59 PM
Dates & Times in Excel
Excel stores dates and times as decimal numbers comprised of an integer representing the date and a decimal portion representing the time.
For example:
- 1.25 is January 1, 1900 6:00 AM
- 42005.5 is January 1, 2015 12:00 PM
How to convert date to number in Excel
If you want to know what serial number represents a certain date or time displayed in a cell, you can do this in two ways.
1. Format Cells dialog
Select the cell with a date in Excel, press Ctrl+1 to open the Format Cells window and switch to the General tab.
If you just want to know the serial number behind the date, without actually converting date to number, write down the number you see under Sample and click Cancel to close the window. If you want to replace the date with the number in a cell, click OK.
2. Excel DATEVALUE and TIMEVALUE functions
Use the DATEVALUE() function to convert an Excel date to a serial number, for example =DATEVALUE("1/1/2015").
Use the TIMEVALUE() function to get the decimal number representing the time, for example =TIMEVALUE("6:30 AM").
To know both, date and time, concatenate these two functions in the following way:
=DATEVALUE("1/1/2015") & TIMEVALUE("6:00 AM")
Note. Since Excel's serial numbers begins on January 1, 1900 and negative numbers aren't recognized, dates prior to the year 1900 are not supported in Excel.
If you enter such a date in a sheet, say 12/31/1899, it will be a text value rather than a date, meaning that you cannot perform usual date arithmetic on early dates. To make sure, you can type the formula =DATEVALUE("12/31/1899") in some cell, and you will get an anticipated result - the #VALUE! error.
If you are dealing with date and time values and you'd like to convert time to decimal number, please check out the formulas described in this tutorial: How to convert time to decimal number in Excel.
Default date format in Excel
When you work with dates in Excel, the short and long date formats are retrieved from your Windows Regional settings. These default formats are marked with an asterisk (*) in the Format Cell dialog window:
The default date and time formats in the Format Cell box change as soon as you change the date and time settings in Control Panel, which leads us right to the next section.
How to change the default date and time formats in Excel
If you want to set a different default date and/or time formats on your computer, for example change the USA date format to the UK style, go to Control panel and click Region and Language. If in your Control panel opens in Category view, then click Clock, Language, and Region > Region and Language > Change the date, time, or number format.
On the Formats tab, choose the region under Format, and then set the date and time formatting by clicking on an arrow next to the format you want to change and selecting the desired one from the drop-down list:
Tip. If you are not sure what different codes (such as mmm, ddd, yyy) mean, click the "What does the notation mean" link under the Date and time formats section, or check the Custom Excel date formats in this tutorial.
If you are not happy with any time and date format available on the Formats tab, click the Additional settings button in the lower right-hand side of the Region and Language dialog window. This will open the Customize dialog, where you switch to the Date tab and enter a custom short or/and long date format in the corresponding box.
How to quickly apply default date and time formatting in Excel
Microsoft Excel has two default formats for dates and time - short and long, as explained in default Excel date format.
To quickly change date format in Excel to the default formatting, do the following:
- Select the dates you want to format.
- On the Home tab, in the Number group, click the little arrow next to the Number Format box, and select the desired format - short date, long date or time.
If you want more date formatting options, either select More Number Formats from the drop-down list or click the Dialog Box Launcher next to Number. This will open a familiar Format Cells dialog and you can change date format there.
Tip. If you want to quickly set date format in Excel to dd-mmm-yy, press Ctrl+Shift+#. Just keep in mind that this shortcut always applies the dd-mmm-yy format, like 01-Jan-15, regardless of your Windows Region settings.
How to change date format in Excel
In Microsoft Excel, dates can be displayed in a variety of ways. When it comes to changing date format of a given cell or range of cells, the easiest way is to open the Format Cells dialog and choose one of the predefined formats.
- Select the dates whose format your want to change, or empty cells where you want to insert dates.
- Press Ctrl+1 to open the Format Cells dialog. Alternatively, you can right click the selected cells and choose Format Cells… from the context menu.
- In the Format Cells window, switch to the Number tab, and select Date in the Category list.
- Under Type, pick a desired date format. Once you do this, the Sample box will display the format preview with the first date in your selected data.
- If you are happy for the preview, click the OK button to save the format change and close the window.
If the date format is not changing in your Excel sheet, most likely your dates are formatted as text and you have to convert them to the date format first.
How to convert date format to another locale
Once you've got a file full of foreign dates and you would most likely want to change them to the date format used in your part of the world. Let's say, you want to convert an American date format (month/day/year) to a European style format (day/month/year).
The easiest way to change date format in Excel based on how another language displays dates is as follows:
- Select the column of dates you want to convert to another locale.
- Press Ctrl+1 to open the Format Cells
- Select the language you want under Locale (location) and click OK to save the change.
If you want the dates to be displayed in another language, then you will have to create a custom date format with a locale code.
Creating a custom date format in Excel
If none of the predefined Excel date formats is suitable for you, you are free to create your own.
- In an Excel sheet, select the cells you want to format.
- Press Ctrl+1 to open the Format Cells dialog.
- On the Number tab, select Custom from the Category list and type the date format you want in the Type box.
- Click OK to save the changes.
Tip. The easiest way to set a custom date format in Excel is to start from an existing format close to what you want. To do this, click Date in the Category list first, and select one of existing formats under Type. After that click Custom and make changes to the format displayed in the Type box.
When setting up a custom date format in Excel, you can use the following codes.
| Code | Description | Example (January 1, 2005) |
| m | Month number without a leading zero | 1 |
| mm | Month number with a leading zero | 01 |
| mmm | Month name, short form | Jan |
| mmmm | Month name, full form | January |
| mmmmm | Month as the first letter | J (stands for January, June and July) |
| d | Day number without a leading zero | 1 |
| dd | Day number with a leading zero | 01 |
| ddd | Day of the week, short form | Mon |
| dddd | Day of the week, full form | Monday |
| yy | Year (last 2 digits) | 05 |
| yyyy | Year (4 digits) | 2005 |
When setting up a custom time format in Excel, you can use the following codes.
| Code | Description | Displays as |
| h | Hours without a leading zero | 0-23 |
| hh | Hours with a leading zero | 00-23 |
| m | Minutes without a leading zero | 0-59 |
| mm | Minutes with a leading zero | 00-59 |
| s | Seconds without a leading zero | 0-59 |
| ss | Seconds with a leading zero | 00-59 |
| AM/PM | Periods of the day (if omitted, 24-hour time format is used) |
AM or PM |
To set up date and time format, include both date and time units in your format code, e.g. m/d/yyyy h:mm AM/PM. When you use "m" immediately after "hh" or "h" or immediately before "ss" or "s", Excel will display minutes, not a month.
When creating a custom date format in Excel, you can use a comma (,) dash (-), slash (/), colon (:) and other characters.
For example, the same date and time, say January 13, 2015 13:03, can be displayed in a various ways:
| Format | Displays as |
| dd-mmm-yy | 13-Jan-15 |
| mm/dd/yyyy | 01/13/2015 |
| m/dd/yy | 1/13/15 |
| dddd, m/d/yy h:mm AM/PM | Tuesday, 1/13/15 1:03 PM |
| ddd, mmmm dd, yyyy hh:mm:ss | Tue, January 13, 2015 13:03:00 |
Tip. Using a custom date format, you can easily display the day of the week from date.
How to create a custom Excel date format for another locale
If you want to display dates in another language, you have to create a custom format and prefix a date with a corresponding locale code. The locale code should be enclosed in [square brackets] and preceded with the dollar sign ($) and a dash (-). Here are a few examples:
- [$-409] - English, Untitled States
- [$-1009] - English, Canada
- [$-407] - German, Germany
- [$-807] - German, Switzerland
- [$-804] - Bengali, India
- [$-804] - Chinese, China
- [$-404] - Chinese, Taiwan
You can find the full list of locale codes on this blog.
For example, this is how you set up a custom Excel date format for the Chinese locale in the year-month-day (day of the week) time format:
The following image shows a few examples of the same date formatted with different locale codes in the way traditional for the corresponding languages:
Excel date format not working - fixes and solutions
Usually, Microsoft Excel understands dates very well and you are unlikely to hit any roadblock when working with them. If you happen to have an Excel date format problem, please check out the following troubleshooting tips.
A cell is not wide enough to fit an entire date
If you see a number of pound signs (#####) instead of dates in your Excel worksheet, most likely your cells are not wide enough to fit the whole dates.
Solution. Double-click the right border of the column to resize it to auto fit the dates. Alternatively, you can drag the right border to set the column width you want. For more details, see How to fix #### error in Excel.
Negative numbers are formatted as dates
Hash marks (#####) are also displayed when a cell formatted as a date or time contains a negative value. Usually it's a result returned by some formula, but it may also happen when you type a negative value into a cell and then format that cell as a date.
If you want to display negative numbers as negative dates, two options are available to you:
Solution 1. Switch to the 1904 date system.
Go to File > Options > Advanced, scroll down to the When calculating this workbook section, select the Use 1904 date system check box, and click OK.
In this system, 0 is 1-Jan-1904; 1 is 2-Jan-1904; and -1 is displayed as a negative date -2-Jan-1904.
Of course, such representation is very unusual and takes time to get used to, but this is the right way to go if you want to perform calculations with early dates.
Solution 2. Use the Excel TEXT function.
Another possible way to display negative numbers as negative dates in Excel is using the TEXT function. For example, if you are subtracting C1 from B1 and a value in C1 is greater than in B1, you can use the following formula to output the result in the date format:
=TEXT(ABS(B1-C1),"-d-mmm-yyyy")
You may want to change the cell alignment to right justified, and naturally, you can use any other custom date formats in the TEXT formula.
Note. Unlike the previous solution, the TEXT function returns a text value, that is why you won't be able to use the result in other calculations.
Dates are imported to Excel as text values
When you are importing data to Excel from a .csv file or some other external database, dates are often imported as text values. They may look like normal dates to you, but Excel perceives them as text and treats accordingly.
Solution. You can convert "text dates" to the date format using Excel's DATEVALUE function or Text to Columns feature. Please see the following article for full details: How to convert text to date in Excel.
Tip. If none of the above tips worked for you, then try to remove all formatting and then set the desired date format.
This is how you format dates in Excel. In the next part of our guide, we will discuss various ways of how you can insert dates and times in your Excel worksheets. Thank you for reading and see you next week!
934 comments
Hi,
How would formula would I need to convert the following time stamp formats?:
from:
2019-09-25T14:00:03.000Z
to:
25/09/2019 14:00:03.000
Many thanks
Hi!
You can use this formula:
=--SUBSTITUTE(SUBSTITUTE(A2,"T"," ",1),"Z","",1)
Thank you!
hi,
i want to insert serial wise numbers for particular month placed orders?
Such as 21-year,07-month,and in that month placed orders one by one.
i got upto (yy,mm PR). I want that to be in order like 210701 PR,210702 PR,210703 PR,210704 PR,210705 PR.
Please help me out
Hi,
Try the following formula:
=SEQUENCE(100,1,210701,1)&" PR"
I have the issue that when I copy a BOM from another program I have certain numbers with the format "1.1.1" which are converted to "01.01.2001". This is fine when I copy them as I make sure they are formatted as text first.
My problem however is this other program sometimes writes them as "1,1,1" with commas instead of full stops. Don't ask me why this happens. I copy and paste over like normal and use the find replace feature to change the commas to full stops. This is where Excel then decides to change the format back to standard and overwrite all my "1.1.1"s as "01.01.2001". When I then attempt to convert back to text it gives me the 1900 text of that date which is unwanted.
How do I use find and Replace to change my commas to full stops without Excel reading it as dates? There are format options in the Find and Replace feature but when you use it I see it uses standard first and then converts to text for example. So I will quickly see a flash of "01.01.2001" and then it will turn into the 1900 text.
Is there a way to Stop Excel reading "1.1.1" as a date and only use "1/1/1" for example?
Hello!
Set the cell to format "Text" before replacing characters. Hope this helps.
Sorry but as I said this doesn't work as the Find and Replace function overwrites this. Even when I set the desired format with the Find and Replace function I see that it converts with Standard format and overwrites as text afterwards, giving me a date as 1900 text.
Hi!
Unfortunately, I was not able to get your problem in my Excel. These recommendations work for me.
My process is:
Format column as text
Copy BOM into column (formatted with commas "1,1,1")
Highlight column and Find and Replace all commas with full stops.
Find and Replace changes these to Dates
When I click on options in Find and Replace to format as text it formats first to dates and then as 1900 text so I end up with 443829 instead of the "1.1.1" that I want.
Dear Sir,
I need to keep type in my excel date as 02 AUGUST 2021. Month has to be full block letters (capital letters). please help
Hello!
This is only possible when converting date to text.
=TEXT(A1,"dd")&" "&UPPER(TEXT(A1,"mmmm"))&" "&YEAR(A1)
Hi, How to change 2-Feb format to 2/2/2010 in excel?
I am trying to edit a document that has the dates listed all in the format of year date month...
example: 19612404.
I need the dates to read as 12/04/1961
Month/Date/ year. Each date month year will be different for the column entries so I am struggling to do a formula for it. Any help thanks
Hi!
You can find the examples and detailed instructions here: How to convert 8-digit number to date in Excel
Hi, my excel sheet showing some parts serial number like this 2.40373551027723E+21, it should be a number. i tried to format to number and insert single quote(') in front. but still the same. is there is any way to correct this?
Hi!
When writing a number with more than 15 digits to a cell in an Excel document, the last digits are replaced with zeros. This problem occurs because Excel has a maximum precision of 15 digits. When writing a long number to a cell, the number is rounded to 15 digits and the number is presented in exponential form. You cannot increase the precision of the representation of numbers in Excel.
Write long numbers like text. When entering the number, precede the number with a single quotation mark.
Bonjour,
J'aimerais que lorsque de j'écris jj-mm-aa, il me donne automatiquement jj-mmm-aaaa.
Par exemple si 03-06-20 j'aimerais qu'il me donne 3 Jun 2020.
Comment faire?
Merci
Hello!
Set a custom date format in the cell
jj-mmm-aaaa
I kindly ask you to have a closer look at the article above
I thouted days format was changed ,Tuesday after Thursday, but Wednesday wronged to mention.
Please don't tell me that I only have one solution:
=DATE(year, month, day)
=DATE(RIGHT(A1,4),LEFT(A1,2),MID(A1,3,2))
WRITE in a "SOURCE DATA" column as "text" : 05242021
My Date column will be identical. Lol.
If so, let's please tell Microsoft... Um... mmddyyyy is an OK format. :)
Alexander,
I have searched and done my due diligence to find my answer. Not knowing the answer, I probably am not recognizing that it is in this thread or one of the referenced "Already Answered" threads.
I like to type the date as mmddyyyy, e.g. 05242021 ... It involves typing 3 fewer symbols... I changed format to mmddyyyy, but that is if I type a date format that Excel recognizes... BUT, I want to type in the mmddyyyy format and have Excel recognize that as a date.
How? Please. Thank You.
Cheers, Rick.
Found it, I hope! :) Thanks
Yes, choose the Format Cells command, select Custom from the Category listbox, and type ##"/"##"/"#### into the Type textbox.
So, close, yet so far... Not my exact solution... Excel wont quite recognize it as a date!
Hi!
I was unable to replicate your format. However, if this works for you, then you are not recording the date, but the delimited text.
Hi,
I have already answered above.
Thank you, cant wait to try it
Hi
I'm not sure if my request is possible, but I would like to calculate the time difference for a date and time format used within the military. The format used in our Defence Force is 'dd/hh:mm/mmm/yy', displayed/written as '121300Apr21' (24hr). My questions are;
1. Is it possible for excel to recognise this date/time format, including the month as text?
2. If so, what formula would I use to calculate the time difference between two dates of this format? Eg - calculate time between 121300May21 and 131730May21
3. Finally, is it possible for excel to recognise this date and time format displayed in a number of different ways, i.e, with, or without spaces, between the date and time figures from the same spreadsheet list? The list contains dates and times with spaces in following examples;
a. 12 1300 May 21
b. 121300 May 21
c. 12 1300May 21
Q1&2 are the essential answers I require. Q3, is a nice to have as it will save me time in re-writing a few thousand dates/times already entered. If Q3 is not achievable, then these calculations will be applied from the current date, assuming that Q1&2 are possible.
Appreciate any assistance, and happy to provide clarity if my questions are confusing - thanks
Hello!
Excel recognizes your data as text. You can convert this text to date and time using this fromula
=--(LEFT(A1,2)&"-"&MID(A1,7,3)&"-"&RIGHT(A1,2))+TIME(MID(A1,3,2),MID(A1,5,2),0)
Apply the date and time format you want to this cell.
You can change this formula to convert any date from Q3.
You can convert 121300May21 and 131730May21 in two separate cells and then subtract them. Or use one formula
=--(LEFT(A2,2)&"-"&MID(A2,7,3)&"-"&RIGHT(A2,2))+TIME(MID(A2,3,2),MID(A2,5,2),0) - (--(LEFT(A1,2)&"-"&MID(A1,7,3)&"-"&RIGHT(A1,2))+TIME(MID(A1,3,2),MID(A1,5,2),0))
My problem is here:
I am used to typing dates as mm-dd-yy
When I type in a cell 08-12-21, I want it to be (dd-mmm-yy) which is 12-Aug-21
But what shows up is 8-Dec-21.
How do I fix this?
Hello!
Please check out this article to learn how to change the default date and time formats in Excel.
I hope it’ll be helpful.
hi sir, i type 4/10 it is automatically changed to Apr-10. I need as it is (4/10).. How can i get it?????
Hello!
To write a fraction in a cell that has the General format, precede the fraction with zero and a space. For example, to enter 4/10 into a cell, you would type 0 4/10. If you enter 4/10, Excel converts that fraction to a date.
hello, how to change the time format using an excel function, example, converting this format (12:00 AM/PM) to (12-00-00 AM/PM), (12:00:00 AM/PM), (12 AM/PM) thanks
Hello!
I hope you have studied the recommendations in the tutorial above.
Use custom time format:
h:mm:ss AM/PM
hh AM/PM
h-mm-ss AM/PM
Hello thanks for the response. I have another question, can you change the format of time using the example problem above by creating an excel function and not by create custom format?
Hello!
To write the time in the format you want, you can use these formats in the TEXT function. But the result of this formula is not time, but text.
How to change date format from "2020-Apr-27 " to 27-Apr-2020 in excel file
Hello!
Please check out this article to learn how to convert text to date and number to date.
I can’t give you a more accurate advice since you didn’t specify which date and time format your Windows uses.
Good day, I have this date formats 13/05/2020, 12/5/2020 in a workbook and I am unable to format the sheet.
Any Help?
Thanks
Hello,
I spend 99% of my Excel time processing timestamped data from SQL Server which include milliseconds.
My custom Excel format is: yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss.000
And it works perfectly but I always have to apply the formatting manually to cells in each sheet and then use format painter to change the other columns.
I would like to setup Excel so that every time Excel wants to format any cell as any kind of date or time I want Excel to use my custom format, including ms.
I tried using my Excel format string in Windows regional settings but the .000 for milliseconds is not accepted.
Is this possible? and if so how?
Thanks
Hello!
Unfortunately, the default date and time format in Windows does not use milliseconds. This can be done using a custom format.
Thanks for reply.
From the list of excel, I used the DOB to find t a person on database system that only dd.mm.yyyy format. So I copy it tang paste on format back to dd/mm/yyyy.
Regards,