How to use IF function in Excel: examples for text, numbers, dates, blanks

In this article, you will learn how to build an Excel IF statement for different types of values as well as how to create multiple IF statements.

IF is one of the most popular and useful functions in Excel. Generally, you use an IF statement to test a condition and to return one value if the condition is met, and another value if the condition is not met.

In this tutorial, we are going to learn the syntax and common usages of the Excel IF function, and then take a closer look at formula examples that will hopefully prove helpful to both beginners and experienced users.

IF function in Excel

IF is one of logical functions that evaluates a certain condition and returns one value if the condition is TRUE, and another value if the condition is FALSE.

The syntax of the IF function is as follows:

IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])

As you see, IF takes a total of 3 arguments, but only the first one is obligatory, the other two are optional.

Logical_test (required) - the condition to test. Can be evaluated as either TRUE or FALSE.

Value_if_true (optional) - the value to return when the logical test evaluates to TRUE, i.e. the condition is met. If omitted, the value_if_false argument must be defined.

Value_if_false (optional) - the value to return when the logical test evaluates to FALSE, i.e. the condition is not met. If omitted, the value_if_true argument must be set.

Basic IF formula in Excel

To create a simple If then statement in Excel, this is what you need to do:

  • For logical_test, write an expression that returns either TRUE or FALSE. For this, you'd normally use one of the logical operators.
  • For value_if_true, specify what to return when the logical test evaluates to TRUE.
  • For value_if_false, specify what to return when the logical test evaluates to FALSE. Though this argument is optional, we recommend always configuring it to avoid unexpected results. For the detailed explanation, please see Excel IF: things to know.

As an example, let's write a very simple IF formula that checks a value in cell A2 and returns "Good" if the value is greater than 80, "Bad" otherwise:

=IF(B2>80, "Good", "Bad")

This formula goes to C2, and then is copied down through C7: Basic IF formula in Excel.

In case you wish to return a value only when the condition is met (or not met), otherwise - nothing, then use an empty string ("") for the "undefined" argument. For example:

=IF(B2>80, "Good", "")

This formula will return "Good" if the value in A2 is greater than 80, a blank cell otherwise: IF formula to return nothing when the condition is not met.

Excel If then formula: things to know

Though the last two parameters of the IF function are optional, your formula may produce unexpected results if you don't know the underlying logic.

If value_if_true is omitted

If the 2nd argument of your Excel IF formula is omitted (i.e. there are two consecutive commas after the logical test), you'll get zero (0) when the condition is met, which makes no sense in most cases. Here is an example of such a formula:

=IF(B2>80, , "Bad")

To return a blank cell instead, supply an empty string ("") for the second parameter, like this:

=IF(B2>80, "", "Bad")

The screenshot below demonstrates the difference: The behavior of the value_if_true argument.

If value_if_false is omitted

Omitting the 3rd parameter of IF will produce the following results when the logical test evaluates to FALSE.

If there is just a closing bracket after value_if_true, the IF function will return the logical value FALSE. Quite unexpected, isn't it? Here is an example of such a formula:

=IF(B2>80, "Good")

Typing a comma after the value_if_true argument will force Excel to return 0, which doesn't make much sense either:

=IF(B2>80, "Good",)

The most reasonable approach is using a zero-length string ("") to get a blank cell when the condition is not met:

=IF(B2>80, "Good", "") The behavior of the value_if_false argument.

Tip. To return a logical value when the specified condition is met or not met, supply TRUE for value_if_true and FALSE for value_if_false. For the results to be Boolean values that other Excel functions can recognize, don't enclose TRUE and FALSE in double quotes as this will turn them into normal text values.

Using IF function in Excel - formula examples

Now that you are familiar with the IF function's syntax, let's look at some formula examples and learn how to use If then statements in real-life scenarios.

Excel IF function with numbers

To build an IF statement for numbers, use logical operators such as:

  • Equal to (=)
  • Not equal to (<>)
  • Greater than (>)
  • Greater than or equal to (>=)
  • Less than (<)
  • Less than or equal to (<=)

Above, you have already seen an example of such a formula that checks if a number is greater than a given number.

And here's a formula that checks if a cell contains a negative number:

=IF(B2<0, "Invalid", "")

For negative numbers (which are less than 0), the formula returns "Invalid"; for zeros and positive numbers - a blank cell. A formula to check if a cell contains a negative number.

Excel IF function with text

Commonly, you write an IF statement for text values using either "equal to" or "not equal to" operator.

For example, the following formula checks the Delivery Status in B2 to determine whether an action is required or not:

=IF(B2="delivered", "No", "Yes")

Translated into plain English, the formula says: return "No" if B2 is equal to "delivered", "Yes" otherwise. Using the IF function with text.

Another way to achieve the same result is to use the "not equal to" operator and swap the value_if_true and value_if_false values:

=IF(C2<>"delivered", "Yes", "No")

Notes:

  • When using text values for IF's parameters, remember to always enclose them in double quotes.
  • Like most other Excel functions, IF is case-insensitive by default. In the above example, it does not differentiate between "delivered", "Delivered", and "DELIVERED".

Case-sensitive IF statement for text values

To treat uppercase and lowercase letters as different characters, use IF in combination with the case-sensitive EXACT function.

For example, to return "No" only when B2 contains "DELIVERED" (the uppercase), you'd use this formula:

=IF(EXACT(B2,"DELIVERED"), "No", "Yes") Case-sensitive IF statement for text values.

If cell contains partial text

In situation when you want to base the condition on partial match rather than exact match, an immediate solution that comes to mind is using wildcards in the logical test. However, this simple and obvious approach won't work. Many functions accept wildcards, but regrettably IF is not one of them.

A working solution is to use IF in combination with ISNUMBER and SEARCH (case-insensitive) or FIND (case-sensitive).

For example, in case "No" action is required both for "Delivered" and "Out for delivery" items, the following formula will work a treat:

=IF(ISNUMBER(SEARCH("deliv", B2)), "No", "Yes") IF cell contains partial text.

For more information, please see:

Excel IF statement with dates

At first sight, it may seem that IF formulas for dates are akin to IF statements for numeric and text values. Regrettably, it is not so. Unlike many other functions, IF does recognize dates in logical tests and interprets them as mere text strings. In other words, you cannot supply a date in the form of "1/1/2020" or ">1/1/2020". To make the IF function recognize a date, you need to wrap it in the DATEVALUE function.

For example, here's how you can check if a given date is greater than another date:

=IF(B2>DATEVALUE("7/18/2022"), "Coming soon", "Completed")

This formula evaluates the dates in column B and returns "Coming soon" if a game is scheduled for 18-Jul-2022 or later, "Completed" for a prior date. Excel IF statement with dates.

Of course, there is nothing that would prevent you from entering the target date in a predefined cell (say E2) and referring to that cell. Just remember to lock the cell address with the $ sign to make it an absolute reference. For instance:

=IF(B2>$E$2, "Coming soon", "Completed")

To compare a date with the current date, use the TODAY() function. For example:

=IF(B2>TODAY(), "Coming soon", "Completed")

Excel IF statement for blanks and non-blanks

If you are looking to somehow mark your data based on a certain cell(s) being empty or not empty, you can either:

  • Use the IF function together with ISBLANK, or
  • Use the logical expressions ="" (equal to blank) or <>"" (not equal to blank).

The table below explains the difference between these two approaches with formula examples.

  Logical test Description Formula Example
Blank cells =""

Evaluates to TRUE if a cell is visually empty, even if it contains a zero-length string.

Otherwise, evaluates to FALSE.

 =IF(A1="", 0, 1)

Returns 0 if A1 is visually blank. Otherwise returns 1.

If A1 contains an empty string (""), the formula returns 0.
ISBLANK()

Evaluates to TRUE is a cell contains absolutely nothing - no formula, no spaces, no empty strings.

Otherwise, evaluates to FALSE.

 =IF(ISBLANK(A1), 0, 1)

Returns 0 if A1 is absolutely empty, 1 otherwise.

If A1 contains an empty string (""), the formula returns 1.
Non-blank cells <>"" Evaluates to TRUE if a cell contains some data. Otherwise, evaluates to FALSE.

Cells with zero-length strings are considered blank.

 =IF(A1<>"", 1, 0)

Returns 1 if A1 is non-blank; 0 otherwise.

If A1 contains an empty string, the formula returns 0.
ISBLANK()=FALSE Evaluates to TRUE if a cell is not empty. Otherwise, evaluates to FALSE.

Cells with zero-length strings are considered non-blank.

 =IF(ISBLANK(A1)=FALSE, 0, 1)

Works the same as the above formula, but returns 1 if A1 contains an empty string.

And now, let's see blank and non-blank IF statements in action. Suppose you have a date in column B only if a game has already been played. To label the completed games, use one of these formulas:

=IF(B2="", "", "Completed")

=IF(ISBLANK(B2), "", "Completed")

=IF($B2<>"", "Completed", "")

=IF(ISBLANK($B2)=FALSE, "Completed", "")

In case the tested cells have no zero-length strings, all the formulas will return exactly the same results: IF statement for blank and non-blank cells.

Check if two cells are the same

To create a formula that checks if two cells match, compare the cells by using the equals sign (=) in the logical test of IF. For example:

=IF(B2=C2, "Same score", "") Check if two cells contain the same values.

To check if the two cells contain same text including the letter case, make your IF formula case-sensitive with the help of the EXACT function.

For instance, to compare the passwords in A2 and B2, and returns "Match" if the two strings are exactly the same, "Do not match" otherwise, the formula is:

=IF(EXACT(A2, B2), "Match", "Don't match") Case-sensitive IF formula to check if two cells match.

IF then formula to run another formula

In all of the previous examples, an Excel IF statement returned values. But it can also perform a certain calculation or execute another formula when a specific condition is met or not met. For this, embed another function or arithmetic expression in the value_if_true and/or value_if_false arguments.

For example, if B2 is greater than 80, we'll have it multiplied by 7%, otherwise by 3%:

=IF(B2>80, B2*7%, B2*3%) IF formula that runs another formula.

Multiple IF statements in Excel

In essence, there are two ways to write multiple IF statements in Excel:

  • Nesting several IF functions one into another
  • Using the AND or OR function in the logical test

Nested IF statement

Nested IF functions let you place multiple IF statements in the same cell, i.e. test multiple conditions within one formula and return different values depending on the results of those tests.

Assume your goal is to assign different bonuses based on the score:

  • Over 90 - 10%
  • 90 to 81 - 7%
  • 80 to 70 - 5%
  • Less than 70 - 3%

To accomplish the task, you write 3 separate IF functions and nest them one into another like this:

=IF(B2>90, 10%, IF(B2>=81, 7%, IF(B2>=70, 5%, 3%))) Nested IF statement.

For more formula examples, please see:

Excel IF statement with multiple conditions

To evaluate several conditions with the AND or OR logic, embed the corresponding function in the logical test:

For example, to return "Pass" if both scores in B2 and C2 are higher than 80, the formula is:

=IF(AND(B2>80, C2>80), "Pass", "Fail")

To get "Pass" if either score is higher than 80, the formula is:

=IF(OR(B2>80, C2>80), "Pass", "Fail") Excel IF statement with multiple conditions.

For full details, please visit:

If error in Excel

Starting from Excel 2007, we have a special function, named IFERROR, to check formulas for errors. In Excel 2013 and higher, there is also the IFNA function to handle #N/A errors.

And still, there may be some circumstances when using the IF function together with ISERROR or ISNA is a better solution. Basically, IF ISERROR is the formula to use when you want to return something if error and something else if no error. The IFERROR function is unable to do that as it always returns the result of the main formula if it isn't an error.

For example, to compare each score in column B against the top 3 scores in E2:E4, and return "Yes" if a match is found, "No" otherwise, you enter this formula in C2, and then copy it down through C7:

=IF(ISERROR(MATCH(B2, $E$2:$E$4, 0)), "No", "Yes" ) If error formula in Excel.

For more information, please see IF ISERROR formula in Excel.

Hopefully, our examples have helped you get a grasp of the Excel IF basics. I thank you for reading and hope to see you on our blog next week!

Practice workbook

Excel IF statement - formula examples (.xlsx file)

Table of contents

4802 comments

  1. Hi Sir/mam

    my query is

    if A1 divisible of 28(like 280) then system show in B1 (280/28*30=300)else system show b1=A1

    A1=280 B1=300
    A1=30 B1=30

    plz help me

  2. Hi,
    I am working in a company and I am using ms excel 2013. I want to know that how can i use date formula that if any date less than or equal to 31-1-2016 than comment This is old.

    Please clear me date formula. i am very confused.

    Thanks & Regards
    Dushyant Kumar

  3. Hi
    Please can you help.
    I have a holiday formula see below, that H = 1 days, but I also need it to show if the member of staff decides to take a half day. I can't get the formula to work?????

    COUNTIF(C12:AG12,"H")

    Thanks in advance.

    • Hi, Lynsey,
      if half day is 'HD', then the formula will look like:
      =COUNTIF(C12:AG12,"H")+COUNTIF(C12:AG12,"HD")
      But it will return the sum of both: complete and half days taken. If you want them to return two results separately, put each part of the formula in different cells.
      To learn more about how this formula works, read this article.

  4. I need help creating a formula in cell E120.
    If E1190,0
    I would like the formula to return the percentage of X.

    • Not sure, why my information keeps getting cut off. I'll try again....
      If E1190,0. I would like the formula to return the value of X%

  5. I need help creating a formula in cell E120.
    If E1190 then 0

    Thank you.

  6. Hi
    I require If furmula, in which emmotiation can be place with colour (smiling- green, angry-Red)

  7. Hi guys,

    I have recieving checklist for kitchen which I using as a refence for traceability. By the way I have columns A1 Date , B1 Delivered , C1 ID# , D1 Time Stamp.

    A1 Date , B1 Delivered , C1 ID# , D1 Time Stamp
    Ctrl + ; YES/NO I+A1TEXT =IF(B7="YES",IF(F7="",NOW(), F7), "")

    Row D I filling by this formula (for example) =IF(B7="YES",IF(D7="",NOW(), D7), "") only IF YES at B7, But I want to add next to that what OR IF B7 NO (if B7 NO than I will keep from previous D6). Because when I type in my B7 no than my D7 is empty, I dont want empty, I want record from previous (D6).

    I was recieving Salmon, and in recieving checklist I adding date of recieving (A1), than did I recieve that day or no (B1), than ID Number (C1) with I for ingredient and 6 digits date of recieving and time stamp (D1) same I for ingredient and 6 digits date of recieving.

    If I did not recieve today than row D I want to keep date of last recieving.

    Many thanks,
    Danilo

  8. pls. advice how to arrive 0 in the same cell if amount is -1, with along with below formula.

    =(AF9-300000)*10%

  9. A1 Cell Value 21/03/2017

    in Cell B i would like the Valve to be M31721
    Where M is for March
    3 is from Cell A1 (03 MM)
    17 is from Cell A1 (17 YY)
    21 is from Cell A1 (21 DD)

  10. hi i want to check where there term is more or less than one year or five year. i know to claculate the term but i dont formula now how to check the term with conditions

  11. I want to create YES for a number of columns when there is a nonblank in any of them. I tried the following, but it does not produce the correct result. Advice?

    =IF(ISBLANK(D33:O33)="","Yes ","No")

    • Hello, RoseG,

      since ISBLANK is used for one cell only, try using this:
      =IF(COUNTIF($A2:$H2,"")=0,"No","Yes")

      For more info on the COUNTIF go here.
      Hope this helps.

  12. if A2 is between 501 to 1000 return value 20 and if A2 is between 1001 to 2000 return value 30.

    Example :
    Order value Charges
    0-500 10
    501-1000 20
    1001-2000 30
    20001< 40

    How to write formula to get this results ?

    • Example :
      Order value -- Charges
      0-500 --------- 10
      501-1000 ------ 20
      1001-2000 ----- 30
      20001< -------- 40

  13. Hello I need help with a formula. For example if the Cell A1 reads a number less then 20 I would like that cell A2 to read what ever the number on A1 + 1. But if it reads more then 20 I would like to come back with A1+2. Did I explain my self correctly.

    • Hello, Jonathan,

      I believe, this will help:
      =IF(A1<20,A1+1,IF(A1>20,A1+2,""))

      Note, that you didn't mention what should happen if the number is equal to 20, so in that case A2 will remain empty.

  14. I have a question, i have to check Year of Birth from 1 cell from another cell which has only Year of birth.
    EXample
    Cell A1 is 01/01/1979
    Cell B2 is 999-1979-9999
    I am trying to use the formula =if(mid(b2,5,4)=year(A1),"True","false")
    However all my values return as FALSE?
    Any advice?

  15. Hello
    I have a question...
    I have 5 dates in different cells (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5) I need a formula that tells me if any one of these 5 dates is in the past 6 years from 21 March 2017 then return "YES" could someone help me please?

  16. Very Helpful!

  17. Can anyone interpret this formula. It works but I'd like to understand what it means. It's in a document that I use.

    =IF(ISBLANK(F27),"",SUM(G26-F27))

    Thanks

    • If cell F27 is blank, then return a blank cell. If F27 is not blank/has a value, then return the value of cells G26-F27.

  18. hi,

    good day.

    here's the flow. and cell a1 if i put their "negative" and cell a2 should put there the current date.

  19. I want to use the following in excel:

    If 0 - 25% then low
    If 26% - 50% then medium
    If 51% - 75% then high
    if 76% - 100% then potential

  20. Hi

    I would like to take an average of the below example, A1(values for month of Sep)followed by B2(Oct) etc.

    Sales Group(1)-has sales figures for all months below and have the averages

    Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan
    10
    20
    30
    40

    Group (2) has only Jan and Feb completed, Mar, Apr, May is yet to be filled in as those months have no sales figures as yet.

    How do I get an average of groups that completed all the months excluding the DIV/0 errors of uncompleted months for the other batches. The formula I am looking for is when the uncompleted months are filled(Mar,Apr,May) then the formula should take the 2nd Batch into consideration, if not then this batch should not be counted in the total average.

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