How to copy formula in Excel: down a column, without changing references, etc.

In this tutorial, you will learn a few different ways of copying formulas in Excel - how to copy formula down a column, to all of the selected cells, copy a formula exactly without changing cell references or formatting, and more.

Copying formulas in Excel is one of the easiest tasks that is usually done in a mouse click. I say "usually" because there can be very specific cases that require special tricks, like copying a range of formulas without changing cell references or entering the same formula in multiple non-adjacent cells.

Luckily, Microsoft Excel offers many ways to do the same task, and it is true for copying formulas. In this tutorial, we are going to discuss different ways to copy formulas in Excel so that you could choose the one best suited for your task.

How to copy formula down a column

Microsoft Excel provide a really quick way to copy a formula down a column. You just do the following:

  1. Enter a formula in the top cell.
  2. Select the cell with the formula, and hover the mouse cursor over a small square at the lower right-hand corner of the cell, which is called the Fill handle. As you do this, the cursor will change to a thick black cross.
  3. Hold and drag the fill handle down the column over the cells where you want to copy the formula.

Drag the formula down to copy it to other cells in a column.

In a similar manner, you can drag formula into adjacent cells to the right, to the left or upwards.

If the formula includes relative cell references (without the $ sign), they will automatically change based on a relative position of rows and columns. So, after copying the formula, verify that the cell references have got adjusted properly and produce the result that you want. If necessary, switch between absolute, relative and mixed references by using the F4 key.

In the above example, to make sure the formula was copied correctly, let's select some cell in column C, say C4, and view the cell reference in the formula bar. As you can see in the screenshot below, the formula is all right - relative to row 4, exactly as it should be:
The formula is copied down the column, and the cell references are adjusted properly.

How to copy a formula down without copying formatting

Copying a formula down by dragging the fill handle not only copies the formula, but also the source cell formatting such as font or background color, currency symbols, the number of displayed decimal places, etc. In most cases, this works just fine, but sometimes it can mess up the existing formats in cells where the formula is being copied to. A common example is overwriting alternate row shading like in the following screenshot.
Dragging the fill handle copies a formula and the source cell formatting.

For prevent overwriting the existing cell formatting, drag the fill handle as demonstrated above, release it, click the Auto Fill Options drop-down menu, and select Fill Without Formatting.
Use the Fill Without Formatting option to copy a formula but not formatting.

Copy formula to the entire column

As you've just seen, the fill handle makes copying formulas in Excel really easy. But what if you need to copy a formula down a ten-hundred-line sheet? Dragging the formula over hundreds of rows does not look like a good idea. Luckily, Microsoft Excel provides a couple of quick solutions for this case as well.

Double-click the plus sign to fill the whole column

To apply the formula to the entire column, double-click the plus sign instead of dragging it. For those who have skipped the first section of this tutorial, the detailed steps follow below.

To copy an Excel formula to the whole column, do the following:

  1. Input your formula in the top cell.
  2. Position the cursor to the lower right corner of the cell with the formula, wait until it turns into the plus sign, and then double-click the plus.

Double-click the plus sign to copy a formula to the entire column.

Note. Double-clicking the plus sign copies the formula down as far as there is some data in the adjacent column(s). As soon as an empty row occurs, the auto fill stops. So, if your worksheet contains any gaps, you will have to repeat the above process to copy the formula below an empty row or drag the fill handle as explained in the previous examples:
Double-clicking the plus sign copies the formula down until the first empty row.

Create an Excel table to copy a formula to all cells in a column automatically

Among other great features of Excel tables such as predefined styles, sorting, filtering and banded rows, automatically calculated columns is what makes an Excel table a truly wonderful tool for analyzing groups of related data.

By entering a formula into one cell in a table column (just any cell, not necessarily the top one), you create a calculated column and have your formula instantly copied to all other cells in that column. Unlike the fill handle, Excel tables have no problem with copying the formula across the entire column even if the table has one or more empty rows:
To apply the formula to all cells in a column, convert a range of cells into an Excel table.

To convert a range of cells to an Excel table, simply select all the cells and press Ctrl + T. If you prefer a visual way, select the range, go to the Insert tab > Tables group on the Excel ribbon, and click the Table button.

Tip. If you don't really want an Excel table in your worksheet, to can create it temporary, to make the work with formulas easier, and then you can convert the table back to a usual range in a second. Just right-click the table and choose Table > Convert to Range in the context menu.

Copy a formula to non-adjacent cells / ranges

It goes without saying that the fill handle is the fastest way to copy formula in Excel. But what if you want to copy your Excel formula in non-contiguous cells or beyond the end of the source data? Just use the old good copy & paste way:

  1. Click the cell with the formula to select it.
  2. Press Ctrl + C to copy the formula.
  3. Select a cell or a range of cells where you want to paste the formula (to select non-adjacent ranges, press and hold the Ctrl key).
  4. Press Ctrl + V to paste the formula.
  5. Press Enter to complete the pasted formulas.

Copying a formula to non-adjacent cells

Note. The copy/paste shortcuts copy the formula and formatting. To copy the formula without formatting, choose an appropriate Paste option on the ribbon or in the right-click menu, as demonstrated in Copying an Excel formula without formatting.

Enter a formula into multiple cells with a single key stroke (Ctrl + Enter)

In situations when you need to input the same formula in more than one cell on a worksheet, adjacent or non-adjacent ones, this method can be a time-saver.

  1. Select all the cells where you want to enter the formula. To select non-contiguous cells, press and hold the Ctrl key.
  2. Press F2 to enter the edit mode.
  3. Input your formula in one cell, and press Ctrl + Enter instead of Enter. That's it! The formula will get copied to all of the selected cells, and Excel will adjust relative cell references accordingly.

Enter an Excel formula into multiple cells with a single key stroke.

Tip. You can use this method to enter any data, not just formulas, in multiple cells at a time. A few other techniques are described in the following tutorial: How to enter the same data into all selected cells at a time.

How to copy an Excel formula but not formatting

As you already know, when copying a formula down a column in Excel, you can use the Fill Without Formatting option that lets you copy the formula but keep the existing formatting of the destination cells. Excel's Copy & Paste feature offers even more flexibility with regard to paste options.

  1. Select the sell containing the formula.
  2. Copy that cell by pressing Ctrl + C. Alternatively, right click the cell and select Copy from the context menu, or click the Copy button on the Home tab > Clipboard.
  3. Select all the cells to which you want to copy the formula.
  4. Right-click the selected cells and choose Formulas under Paste Options:
    Copying a formula but not formatting

For more paste options, click the arrow below the Paste button on the ribbon. For example, you can select Formulas & Number Formatting to paste only the formula and the number formatting such as percent format, currency format, and the like:
Copying a formula and number formatting

Tip. If you are not sure which paste option works best for you, hover the mouse over different icons to see a preview of this or that paste option.

Copy formula in Excel without changing references

Excel formulas rarely occur in a spreadsheet in solitude. In most cases, you enter a formula in one cell, and then copy it to other cells in the same column or row, to perform the same calculation on a group of data. And if your formula contains relative cell references (without $), Excel automatically adjusts them so that each formula operates on data on its own row or column. Most of the time, this is exactly what you want. For example, if you have the formula =A1*2 in cell B1, and you copy this formula to cell B3, the formula will change to =A3*2.

But what if you want Excel to copy the formula exactly, without changing the cell references along the way? Depending on your particular task, choose one of the following solutions.

Copy or move a single formula without changing cell references

If you need to copy or move just one formula, making an exact copy is easy.

  1. Select the cell with the formula you want to copy.
  2. Select the formula in the formula bar using the mouse, and press Ctrl + C to copy it. If you want to move the formula, press Ctrl + X to cut it.
    Copy a single formula without changing cell references.
  3. Press the Esc key to exit the formula bar.
  4. Select the destination cell and press Ctl + V to paste the formula there.

Alternatively, you can enter the editing mode and copy the formula in the cell as text:

  1. Select a cell with the formula.
  2. Press F2 (or double-click the cell) to enter the editing mode.
  3. Select the formula in the cell using the mouse, and press Ctrl + C to copy it.
    Enter the editing mode and copy the formula in the cell as text.
  4. Select the destination cell, and press Ctl+V. This will paste the formula exactly, without changing the cell references, because the formula was copied as text.

Tip. To quickly copy a formula from the above cell with no reference changed, select the cell where you want to paste the formula and press Ctrl + '.

Copy a range of formulas without changing cell references

To move or copy a range of Excel formulas so that no cell references are changed, use one of the following methods.

Method 1. Use absolute or mixed cell references

If you need to make an exact copy of formulas with relative cell references (like A1), the best way would be changing them to absolute references ($A$1) to fix the reference to a given cell, so that it remains static no matter where the formula moves. In other cases, you may need to use mixed cell references ($A1 or A$1) to lock either a column or row. Doesn't make much sense so far? Okay, let's consider the following example.

Supposing, you have a table that calculates the fruit prices in EUR based on the USD price in column B and the exchange rate in cell C2:
An Excel formula with a relative cell reference

As you can see in the screenshot above, the formula includes an absolute cell reference ($C$2) to fix the exchange rate to cell C2, and a relative cell reference to cell B5 because you want this reference to adjust for each row. And this approach works well as long as the formulas remain in column C.

But let's see what happens if you need, say, to move the EUR prices from column C to column F. If you copy the formulas in a usual way by copying/pasting the cells, the formula from cell C5 (=B5*$C$2) will change to =D5*$C$2 when pasted in cell F5, making your calculations all wrong!

To fix this, just change a relative reference (B5) to a mixed reference $B5 (absolute column and relative row). By putting the dollar sign ($) in front of the column letter you anchor the reference to column B, no matter where the formula moves.

And now, if you copy or move the formulas from column D to column F, or any other column, the column reference won't change because you locked it by the dollar sign ($B5).
Use absolute or mixed cell references to copy the formula without changing references.

The concept of Excel cell references may be difficult to grasp from the outset, but trust me it's worth your time and effort because it will save you much more time in the long run. For example, see how you can calculate the entire table with a single formula by using mixed cell references.

However, if you already have a ton of formulas with relative cell references in your Excel sheet, and you need to quickly make an exact copy of those formulas but you don't feel like you can get the references right, one of the following methods could be a solution.

Method 2. Copy Excel formulas without changing references via Notepad

  1. Enter the formula view mode by pressing the Ctrl + ` shortcut, or by using any other method described in How to show formulas in Excel.
  2. Select all the cells with the formulas you want to copy or move.
  3. Press Ctrl + C to copy the formulas, or Ctrl + X to cut them. Use the latter shortcut if you want to move formulas to a new location.
    Enter the formula view mode and copy the formulas.
  4. Open Notepad or any other text editor and press Ctrl + V to paste the formulas there. Then press Ctrl + A to select all the formulas, and Ctrl + C to copy them as text.
  5. In your Excel worksheet, select the upper-left cell where you want to paste the formulas, and press Ctrl + V.

Notes:

  • You can paste the formulas only in the same worksheet where your original formulas are located, unless the references include the sheet name, otherwise the formulas will be broken.
  • The worksheet should be in formula view mode. To verify this, go to the Formulas tab > Formula Auditing group, and check if the Show Formulas button is toggled on.
  • After pasting the formulas, press Ctrl + ` to toggle off the formula view mode.

Method 3. Copy formulas exactly by using Excel's Find and Replace

To copy a range of Excel formulas without changing their cell references, you can use the Excel Find and Replace feature in the following way.

  1. Select the cells with the formulas that you want to copy.
  2. On the Home tab, go to the Editing group, and click Find & Select > Replace… Or, simply press Ctrl + H, which is the shortcut for launching the Find & Replace dialog in Excel.
  3. In the Find & Replace dialog window, type the equal sign (=) in the Find what box. In the Replace with box, input some symbol or a string of characters that is not used in any of your formulas, like ', # or \.
    Replace the equal sign with some other character to turn the formulas into text strings.The purpose of this step is to turn formulas into text strings, which will prevent Excel from changing the cell references during the copy process.

    Note. Do not use an asterisk (*) or question mark (?) for replacement, since these are wildcard characters in Excel and using them would make later steps more difficult.

  4. Click the Replace All button and close the Find and Replace dialog. All the formulas in the selected range will turn into text strings:
    The formulas turned into text strings are copied without changing references.
  5. Now, you can select any cells, press Ctrl + C to copy them, select the top cell in the current worksheet where you want to paste the formulas, and press Ctrl + V. Since Excel does not interpret the formulas without the equal sign as formulas, they will be copied exactly, without changing references.
  6. Use Find & Replace again to reverse the change. Select both regions, with the original formulas and copied ones (to select non-adjacent regions, press and hold Ctrl). Press Ctrl + H to open the Find & Replace dialog. This time, enter the back slash (\) (or any other character you used for the first replacement) in the Find what box, and = in the Replace with box, and click the Replace All button. Done!

Shortcuts to copy Excel formula to other cells

1. Copy a formula down

Ctrl + D - Copy a formula from the cell above and adjusts the cell references.

For example, if you have a formula in cell A1 and you want to copy it to cell A2, select A2 and press Ctrl + D.
Press Ctrl + D to copy a formula from the cell above.

2. Copy a formula to the right

Ctrl + R - Copy a formula from the cell to the left and adjusts the cell references.

For example, if you have a formula in cell A2 and you want to copy it to cell B2, select B2 and press Ctrl + R.
Press Ctrl + R to copy a formula from the cell to the left.

Tip. Both of the above shortcuts can be used to copy formulas to multiple cells too. The trick is to select both the source cell and target cells before pressing the shortcut. For example, if you want to copy the formula from A1 to the next 9 rows, select cells A1:A10 and press Ctrl + D.

3. Copy a formula down exactly

Ctrl + ' - Copies a formula from the cell above to the currently selected cell exactly and leaves the cell in edit mode.

This is a quick way to make an exact copy of a formula without changing cell references. For example, to copy a formula from cell A1 to A2 so that no references are changed, select A2 and press Ctrl + '.

Note. Don't confuse the shortcut Ctrl + ' (Ctrl + single quote) that exactly copies a formula from the cell above with Ctrl + ` (Ctrl + grave accent key) that activates show formulas mode in Excel.

Press Ctrl + ' to copy a formula from the cell above without changing cell references.

Well, this is all I have to say about copying formulas in Excel. If you know some other methods to quickly move or copy formula in Excel sheets, please do share. I thank you for reading and hope to see you on our blog next week!

Table of contents

202 comments

  1. Thank you! Thank you!

  2. To copy and paste a cell's content without changing references, you write:

    >> Open Notepad or any other text editor and press Ctrl + V to paste the formulas there. Then press Ctrl + A to select all the formulas, and Ctrl + C to copy them as text.

    This is entirely unnecessary. Simply enter the cell first (F2 or Cmd-U) and then paste the content. No need to use a separate text editor.

    (Kinda makes me wonder if you know whut your doin...)

    • You are nasty, don't reply if you don't want to help someone.

      (Kinda makes me wonder if you know whut your doin...)

    • Dear Leo,

      F2 works fine when copying a single formula. The section you refer to shows how to copy multiple formulas in a range of cells keeping all cell references intact.

  3. Hi hope someone can help. I am trying to setup a formula that will repeat on each work sheet, but when I copy the formula to the various worksheets it put a 0 (zero) and I would like to have an empty cell that and the info to appear when typing it on the master sheet. For example I would like the employee name and employee number to appear on my master sheet for tracking vacation then then I would like this info repeated each month on seperate worksheet that I have created?

    John Smith 333000
    Bruce Jones 456097
    Allison Sweeney 236890
    Tim Horton 4789567

  4. Hi Team,

    IF I enter any values in specified blank cell(A1)according to the applied formula,I am getting the accurate system time in cell (A2), but if I try the same in next Cell (B2) the current time gets automatically updated on both cells(A2 & B2)...

    ​
    =+IF((ISBLANK($A2))=FALSE,NOW(),"")
    =+IF((ISBLANK($B2))=FALSE,NOW(),"")

    Example Output

    =+IF((ISBLANK($A2))=FALSE,NOW(),"") output A2: 12:27 PM
    =+IF((ISBLANK($B2))=FALSE,NOW(),"") output B2: 12:27 PM

    The time should be different for get accurate duration calculation please help me on this.

    Thanks,
    Jayaram

  5. I am trying to figure out how to replicate this formula setup down an entire column but when I do it changes to numerical order not the formula series I have created. Can anyone help??

  6. I am copying from one sheet to another but need to skip every

    On sheet 1, i have # in cells c4, e4, g4, ect (every other column).

    I want to copy the above row to another sheet. BUT I need to skip the empty columns. So on this sheet I want a consecutive row of # from the other sheet.

    ex: on the second sheet I want, cell g4 to hold sheet1!c4. then h4 to hold sheet1!e4. then i4 to have sheet1!g4... and on. Is there a way to create the first two formulas and then copy the remaining?

    I've tried to make the first two and drag, but it messes up the column letters.

    • I too, would love to find out if this is possible. Please let me know if you have found a solution.

  7. Thanks very much for this very clear and helpful set of tips. Excel was driving me nuts refusing to copy a table, and this provided some handy work-arounds.

  8. first time I've been able to get this work ! Thanks a big time saver.

  9. Hi

    I have a large amount of spreadsheets with amounts aleary in the cells. I need to add 60% to each cell amount. I have tried using the F4 formula and dragging it down but it is changing the original amount in the cell to the amount of the cell above.

    Can you please help

    • Hello Lydia,

      Most likely it happens because of incorrect use of absolute and relative cell references. Basically, if you have a percentage (60%) entered in some cell and you refer to that cell in your formula, you should fix the reference using the $ sign, like $A$1. A reference to the amount cell shall be relative or mixed like F4 or $F4, and you should refer to the top-most cell with data, ignoring column headers. If this does not help, please post the exact formula here, and we will try to help.

    • I have a formula that uses the MATCH function. I need to copy it down a column where the MATCH goes up in sequential order. Is this possible some how?
      Here is the formula.
      =IFERROR(IF('Main BOM'!$N$1="NO",(INDEX('Main BOM'!$A$3:$A$75,MATCH(1,'Main BOM'!$AA$3:$AA$75,0))),(INDEX('Main BOM'!$A$3:$A$75,MATCH(1,'Main BOM'!$Y$3:$Y$75,0)))),"")

      I have tried many ways to get the MATCH(1 to go up in sequence, but nothing has worked yet. Any ideas?

      • Hello!
        The MATCH function only searches downward. I am assuming that you want to find the last match in the column. If you are an Office365 user, you can use XMATCH or XLOOKUP functions. Otherwise, I recommend using the LOOKUP function as described in this manual.
        I hope I answered your question. If something is still unclear, please feel free to ask.

  10. Ok so here is my formula:
    =SUM(sheetname!P2:sheetname!P53)

    I am trying to copy the formula down several rows but it changes the 2 and 53, and I need the letters to change. I hope that was clear enough. Thanks!

    • Hi Mona,

      Fix the row numbers using the $ sign, like this:

      =SUM(sheetname!P$2:sheetname!P$53)

  11. OMG THANK YOU SO MUCH !!!! though I feel stupid lol BUT THANKS !!!!

  12. correct

  13. Please give me a solution for the below issue.

    I need to copy all the different formulas altogether from some specific area and paste these formulas to another area. While pasting, it should paste only the formulas (all formulas) from the copied area and other cells which have numbers should not change.

    For eg:
    I have some data on column A and C. The cells A3, A8, A24 etc.. have different formulas. I need to get these formulas altogether on column C at the same rows (C3, C8, C24, etc..). But the other cells on column C should not be changed. Is there any way, other than copying one by one formulas?

  14. Is there a way to copy a formula that contains a range that keeps the range intact? For example:

    =sum(A1:A7)

    Then I want to copy that to the next row down and have it be:

    =sum(A8:A14)

    When I copy the formula and paste, all it does is increment by one, so I end up with:

    =sum(A2:A8)

    I am trying to summarize weekly data in a different section of the spreadsheet.

    Thanks!

    • just keep the cell you want to remain with f4 that is for example =product(G2*$D2$) . This is what will appear if you type f4 after inputing the relevant firm.

    • I'm having the same issue as above, and the answer given by dezzy was not helpful. Please advise?

  15. please give me the right way to create the formula for calculate a cell value from another two book(files)in a new book and then drag it

  16. Dear Sir,
    I want to drag a formula in excel which should refer to alternate cells and not continuous cell references.
    Example. Cell A1 has a formula referring to data in Cell F6.
    Dragging the formula to Cell A2 should refer to F8 and not F7 and so on.
    One way is to drag the formula as it is and delete the alternate rows.
    Is there any way the formula can be modified to comply to the above requirement.
    Thanks & Regards

    • Hi,

      If you want to dont want to change cell while pasting formula then make a formula like this for an example. Must use ($cell$column). Example below.

      Suppose want A1=100, B1=5, and B1=200 and want to calculate with B1 cell for both A1&A2 then formula will be like this..

      Result in D1 cell: =A1*$B$1, in cell D2 it will be =A2*$B$1.

      Hope you got it..

      • Perfect - thanks!!!

  17. The clearest tutorial on Excel I've come across - Thanks!

  18. hello

    Copy the cell to another cell by pressing the button

    thank you

  19. I am trying to track training for multiple people. I have a summary sheet with everyone on it and all modules listed. Then I have individual sheets for each individual. I want to fill in the individual sheets and have that auto fill in the summary sheet. I have used a formula like this ='OLD MODULES TO NEW'!B4. Is there an easy way to drag down and auto copy this? I want the sheet name to change on every line, but the cell reference will stay the same.

  20. I have stuck with this, I want to know which formula to use to get the total CRE and their Status
    CRE Name Status
    A Balance
    B Balance
    A Admission
    A Admission
    C Admission
    B Balance
    A Balance
    A Balance
    C Balance
    C Admission
    A Admission
    B Admission
    B Admission
    A Admission
    I want the status in the format of
    CRE Name Admission Balance Total Admission
    A
    B
    C
    Total
    Kindly help.

Post a comment



Thank you for your comment!
When posting a question, please be very clear and concise. This will help us provide a quick and relevant solution to
your query. We cannot guarantee that we will answer every question, but we'll do our best :)