How to make a loan amortization schedule in Excel (with extra payments)

1. Set up the amortization table

For starters, define the input cells where you will enter the known components of a loan:

• C2 - annual interest rate
• C3 - loan term in years
• C4 - number of payments per year
• C5 - loan amount

The next thing you do is to create an amortization table with the labels (Period, Payment, Interest, Principal, Balance) in A7:E7. In the Period column, enter a series of numbers equal to the total number of payments (1- 24 in this example):

With all the known components in place, let's get to the most interesting part - loan amortization formulas.

2. Calculate total payment amount (PMT formula)

The payment amount is calculated with the PMT(rate, nper, pv, [fv], [type]) function.

To handle different payment frequencies correctly (such as weekly, monthly, quarterly, etc.), you should be consistent with the values supplied for the rate and nper arguments:

• Rate - divide the annual interest rate by the number of payment periods per year ($C$2/$C$4).
• Nper - multiply the number of years by the number of payment periods per year ($C$3*$C$4).
• For the pv argument, enter the loan amount ($C$5).
• The fv and type arguments can be omitted since their default values work just fine for us (balance after the last payment is supposed to be 0; payments are made at the end of each period).

Putting the above arguments together, we get this formula:

=PMT($C$2/$C$4, $C$3*$C$4, $C$5)

Please pay attention, that we use absolute cell references because this formula should copy to the below cells without any changes.

Enter the PMT formula in B8, drag it down the column, and you will see a constant payment amount for all the periods:

3. Calculate interest (IPMT formula)

To find the interest part of each periodic payment, use the IPMT(rate, per, nper, pv, [fv], [type]) function:

=IPMT($C$2/$C$4, A8, $C$3*$C$4, $C$5)

All the arguments are the same as in the PMT formula, except the per argument that specifies the payment period. This argument is supplied as a relative cell reference (A8) because it is supposed to change based on the relative position of a row to which the formula is copied.

This formula goes to C8, and then you copy it down to as many cells as needed:

4. Find principal (PPMT formula)

To calculate the principal part of each periodic payment, use this PPMT formula:

=PPMT($C$2/$C$4, A8, $C$3*$C$4, $C$5)

The syntax and arguments are exactly the same as in the IPMT formula discussed above:

This formula goes to column D, beginning in D8:

5. Get the remaining balance

To calculate the remaining balance for each period, we'll be using two different formulas.

To find the balance after the first payment in E8, add up the loan amount (C5) and the principal of the first period (D8):

=C5+D8

Because the loan amount is a positive number and principal is a negative number, the latter is actually subtracted from the former.

For the second and all succeeding periods, add up the previous balance and this period's principal:

=E8+D9

The above formula goes to E9, and then you copy it down the column. Due to the use of relative cell references, the formula adjusts correctly for each row.

That's it! Our monthly loan amortization schedule is done:

Tip: Return payments as positive numbers

Because a loan is paid out of your bank account, Excel functions return the payment, interest and principal as negative numbers. By default, these values are highlighted in red and enclosed in parentheses as you can see in the image above.

If you prefer to have all the results as positive numbers, put a minus sign before the PMT, IPMT and PPMT functions.

For the Balance formulas, use subtraction instead of addition like shown in the screenshot below:

1. Input the maximum number of periods

In the Period column, insert the maximum number of payments you are going to allow for any loan, say, from 1 to 360. You can leverage Excel's AutoFill feature to enter a series of numbers faster.

2. Use IF statements in amortization formulas

Because you now have many excessive period numbers, you have to somehow limit the calculations to the actual number of payments for a particular loan. This can be done by wrapping each formula into an IF statement. The logical test of the IF statement checks if the period number in the current row is less than or equal to the total number of payments. If the logical test is TRUE, the corresponding function is calculated; if FALSE, an empty string is returned.

Assuming Period 1 is in row 8, enter the following formulas in the corresponding cells, and then copy them across the entire table.

Payment (B8):

=IF(A8<=$C$3*$C$4, PMT($C$2/$C$4, $C$3*$C$4, $C$5), "")

Interest (C8):

=IF(A8<=$C$3*$C$4, IPMT($C$2/$C$4, A8, $C$3*$C$4, $C$5), "")

Principal (D8):

=IF(A8<=$C$3*$C$4,PPMT($C$2/$C$4, A8, $C$3*$C$4, $C$5), "")

Balance:

For Period 1 (E8), the formula is the same as in the previous example:

=C5+D8

For Period 2 (E9) and all subsequent periods, the formula takes this shape:

=IF(A9<=$C$3*$C$4, E8+D9, "")

As the result, you have a correctly calculated amortization schedule and a bunch of empty rows with the period numbers after the loan is paid off.

3. Hide extra periods numbers

If you can live with a bunch of superfluous period numbers displayed after the last payment, you can consider the work done and skip this step. If you strive for perfection, then hide all unused periods by making a conditional formatting rule that sets the font color to white for any rows after the last payment is made.

For this, select all the data rows if your amortization table (A8:E367 in our case) and click Home tab > Conditional formatting > New Rule… > Use a formula to determine which cells to format.

In the corresponding box, enter the below formula that checks if the period number in column A is greater than the total number of payments:

=$A8>$C$3*$C$4

After that, click the Format… button and pick the white font color. Done!

4. Make a loan summary

To view the summary information about your loan at a glance, add a couple more formulas at the top of your amortization schedule.

Total payments (F2):

=-SUM(B8:B367)

Total interest (F3):

=-SUM(C8:C367)

If you have payments as positive numbers, remove the minus sign from the above formulas.

That's it! Our loan amortization schedule is completed and good to go!

Download loan amortization schedule for Excel

1. Define input cells

As usual, begin with setting up the input cells. In this case, let's name these cells like written below to make our formulas easier to read:

• InterestRate - C2 (annual interest rate)
• LoanTerm - C3 (loan term in years)
• PaymentsPerYear - C4 (number of payments per year)
• LoanAmount - C5 (total loan amount)
• ExtraPayment - C6 (extra payment per period)

2. Calculate a scheduled payment

Apart from the input cells, one more predefined cell is required for our further calculations - the scheduled payment amount, i.e. the amount to be paid on a loan if no extra payments are made. This amount is calculated with the following formula:

=IFERROR(-PMT(InterestRate/PaymentsPerYear, LoanTerm*PaymentsPerYear, LoanAmount), "")

Please pay attention that we put a minus sign before the PMT function to have the result as a positive number. To prevent errors in case some of the input cells are empty, we enclose the PMT formula within the IFERROR function.

Enter this formula in some cell (G2 in our case) and name that cell ScheduledPayment.

3. Set up the amortization table

Create a loan amortization table with the headers shown in the screenshot below. In the Period column enter a series of numbers beginning with zero (you can hide the Period 0 row later if needed).

If you aim to create a reusable amortization schedule, enter the maximum possible number of payment periods (0 to 360 in this example).

For Period 0 (row 9 in our case), pull the Balance value, which is equal to the original loan amount. All other cells in this row will remain empty:

Formula in G9:

=LoanAmount

4. Build formulas for amortization schedule with extra payments

This is a key part of our work. Because Excel's built-in functions do not provide for additional payments, we will have to do all the math on our own.

Enter the following formulas in row 10 (Period 1), and then copy them down for all of the remaining periods.

Scheduled Payment (B10):

If the ScheduledPayment amount (named cell G2) is less than or equal to the remaining balance (G9), use the scheduled payment. Otherwise, add the remaining balance and the interest for the previous month.

=IFERROR(IF(ScheduledPayment<=G9, ScheduledPayment, G9+G9*InterestRate/PaymentsPerYear), "")

As an extra precaution, we wrap this and all subsequent formulas in the IFERROR function. This will prevent a bunch of various errors if some of the input cells are empty or contain invalid values.

Extra Payment (C10):

Use an IF formula with the following logic:

If the ExtraPayment amount (named cell C6) is less than the difference between the remaining balance and this period's principal (G9-E10), return ExtraPayment; otherwise use the difference.

=IFERROR(IF(ExtraPayment<G9-E10, ExtraPayment, G9-E10), "")

Total Payment (D10)

Simply, add the scheduled payment (B10) and the extra payment (C10) for the current period:

=IFERROR(B10+C10, "")

Principal (E10)

If the schedule payment for a given period is greater than zero, return a smaller of the two values: scheduled payment minus interest (B10-F10) or the remaining balance (G9); otherwise return zero.

=IFERROR(IF(B10>0, MIN(B10-F10, G9), 0), "")

Please note that the principal only includes the part of the scheduled payment (not the extra payment!) that goes toward the loan principal.

Interest (F10)

If the schedule payment for a given period is greater than zero, divide the annual interest rate (named cell C2) by the number of payments per year (named cell C4) and multiply the result by the balance remaining after the previous period; otherwise, return 0.

=IFERROR(IF(B10>0, InterestRate/PaymentsPerYear*G9, 0), "")

Balance (G10)

If the remaining balance (G9) is greater than zero, subtract the principal portion of the payment (E10) and the extra payment (C10) from the balance remaining after the previous period (G9); otherwise return 0.

=IFERROR(IF(G9 >0, G9-E10-C10, 0), "")

If all done correctly, your loan amortization schedule at this point should look something like this:

5. Hide extra periods

Set up a conditional formatting rule to hide the values in unused periods as explained in this tip. The difference is that this time we apply the white font color to the rows in which Total Payment (column D) and Balance (column G) are equal to zero or empty:

=AND(OR($D9=0, $D9=""), OR($G9=0, $G9=""))

Voilà, all rows with zero values are hidden from view:

6. Make a loan summary

As a finishing touch of perfection, you can output the most important information about a loan by using these formulas:

Scheduled number of payments:

Multiply the number of years by the number of payments per year:

=LoanTerm*PaymentsPerYear

Actual number of payments:

Count cells in the Total Payment column that are greater than zero, beginning with Period 1:

=COUNTIF(D10:D369,">"&0)

Total extra payments:

Add up cells in the Extra Payment column, beginning with Period 1:

=SUM(C10:C369)

Total interest:

Add up cells in the Interest column, beginning with Period 1:

=SUM(F10:F369)

Optionally, hide the Period 0 row, and your loan amortization schedule with additional payments is done! The screenshot below shows the final result:

Download loan amortization schedule with extra payments