by A while ago we started to explore the capabilities of Excel Data Validation and learned how to create a simple drop-down list in Excel based on a comma-separated list, range of cells or a named range.
Today, we are going to investigate this feature in-depth and learn how to create cascading drop down lists that display choices depending on the value selected in first dropdown. To put it differently, we will make an Excel data validation list based on the value of another list.
How to create multiple dependent dropdown in Excel
Making a multi-level dependent drop-down lists in Excel is easy. All you need is a few named ranges and the INDIRECT formula. This method works with all versions of Excel 365 - 2010 and earlier.
1. Type the entries for the drop-down lists
First off, type the entries you want to appear in the drop-down lists, each list in a separate column. For example, I'm creating a cascading dropdown of fruit exporters and column A of my source sheet (Fruit) includes the items of the first dropdown and 3 other columns list the items for the dependent dropdowns.
2. Create named ranges
Now you need to create names for your main list and for each of the dependent lists. You can do this either by adding a new name in the Name Manager window (Formulas tab > Name Manager > New) or typing the name directly in the Name Box.
Note. Please pay attention that if your first row is sort of column header like you see in the screenshot above, you shall not include it in the named range.
For the detailed step-by-step instructions please see How to define a name in Excel.
Things to remember:
- The items to appear in the first drop-down list must be one-word entries, e.g. Apricot, Mango, Oranges. If you have items consisting of two, three or more words, please see How to create a cascading dropdown with multi-word entries.
- The names of the dependent lists must be exactly the same as the matching entry in main list. For example, the dependent list to be displayed when "Mango" is selected from the first drop-down list should be named Mango.
When done, you may want to press Ctrl+F3 to open the Name Manager window and check if all of the lists have correct names and references.
3. Make the first (main) drop-down list
- In the same or in another spreadsheet, select a cell or several cells in which you want your primary drop-down list to appear.
- Go to the Data tab, click Data Validation and set up a drop-down list based on a named range in the usual way by selecting List under Allow and entering the range name in the Source box.
For the detailed steps, please see Making a drop down list based on a named range.
As the result, you will have a drop-down menu in your worksheet similar to this:
4. Create the dependent drop-down list
Select a cell(s) for your dependent drop-down menu and apply Excel Data Validation again as described in the previous step. But this time, instead of the range's name, you enter the following formula in the Source field:
=INDIRECT(A2)
Where A2 is the cell with your first (primary) drop-down list.
If cell A2 is currently empty, you will get the error message "The Source currently evaluates to an error. Do you want to continue?"
Safely click Yes, and as soon as you select an item from the first drop-down menu, you will see the entries corresponding to it in the second, dependent, drop-down list.
5. Add a third dependent drop-down list (optional)
If needed, you could add a 3rd cascading drop-down list that depends either on the selection in the 2nd drop-down menu or on the selections in the first two dropdowns.
Set up 3rd dropdown that depends on 2nd list
You can make the drop-down list of this type in the same fashion as we've just made a second dependent drop-down menu. Just remember the 2 important things discussed above, which are essential for the correct work of your cascading drop-down lists.
For instance, if you want to display a list of regions in column C depending on which country is selected in column B, you create a list of regions for each country and name it after the country's name, exactly as the country appears in second dropdown lists. For instance, a list of Indian regions should be named "India", a list of Chines regions - "China", and so on.
After that, you select a cell for the 3rd dropdown (C2 in our case) and apply Excel Data Validation with the following formula (B2 is the cell with the second drop-down menu that contains a list of countries):
=INDIRECT(B2)
Now, each time you select India under the list of countries in column B, you will have the following choices in the third drop-down:
Note. The displayed list of regions is unique for each country but it does not depend on the selection in the first drop-down list.
Create a third dropdown dependent on the first two lists
If you need to create a cascading drop down menu that depends on the selections both in the first and second drop-down lists, then proceed in this way:
- Create additional sets of named ranges, and name them for the word combinations in your first two dropdowns. For example, you have Mango, Oranges, etc. in the 1st list and India, Brazil, etc. in the 2nd. Then you create named ranges MangoIndia, MangoBrazil, OrangesIndia, OrangesBrazil, etc. These names should not contain underscores or any other additional characters.
- Apply Excel Data Validation with the INDIRECT SUBSTITUTE formula that concatenates the names of the entries in the first two columns, and removes the spaces from the names. For example, in cell C2, the data validation formula would be:
=INDIRECT(SUBSTITUTE(A2&B2," ",""))Where A2 and B2 contain the first and second dropdowns, respectively.
As the result, your 3rd drop-down list will display the regions corresponding to the Fruit and Country selected in the first 2 drop-down lists.
This is the easiest way to create cascading drop-down boxes in Excel. However, this method has a number of limitations.
Limitations of this approach:
- The items in your primary drop-down list must be one-word entries. See how to create cascading drop-down lists with multi-word entries.
- This method won't work if the entries in your main drop-down list contain characters not allowed in range names, such as the hyphen (-), ampersand (&), etc. The solution is to create a dynamic cascading dropdown that does not have this restriction.
- Drop-down menus created in this way are not updated automatically i.e. you will have to change the named ranges' references every time you add or remove items in the source lists. To get over this limitation, try making a dynamic cascading drop down list.
Create cascading drop-down lists with multi-word entries
The INDIRECT formulas that we used in the example above can handle one-word items only. For example, the formula =INDIRECT(A2) indirectly references cell A2 and displays the named range exactly with the same name as is in the referenced cell. However, spaces are not allowed in Excel names, which is why this formula won't work with multi-word names.
The solution is to use the INDIRECT function in combination with SUBSTITUTE like we did when creating a 3rd dropdown.
Suppose you have Water melon among the products. In this case, you name a list of water melon exporters with one word without spaces - Watermelon.
Then, for the second dropdown, apply Excel Data Validation with the following formula that removes the spaces from the name in cell A2:
=INDIRECT(SUBSTITUTE(A2," ",""))
How to prevent changes in the primary drop down list
Imagine the following scenario. Your user has made the selections in all of the drop-down lists, then they changed their mind, went back to the first list, and chose another item. As the result, the 1st and 2nd selections are mismatched. To prevent this from happening, you may want to block any changes in the first drop-down list as soon as a selection is made in the second list.
To do this, when creating the first dropdown, use a special formula that will check whether any entry is selected in the second drop down menu:
=IF(B2="", Fruit, INDIRECT("FakeList"))
Where B2 contains the second dropdown, "Fruit" is the name of the list that appears in the first drop-down menu, and "FakeList" is any fake name that does not exist.
Now, if any item is selected in the 2nd drop-down list, no choices will be available when the user clicks on the arrow next to the first list.
Creating dynamic cascading drop-down lists in Excel
The main advantage of a dynamic Excel dependent drop-down list is that you are free to edit the source lists and your drop-down boxes will get updated on the fly. Of course, creating dynamic dropdowns requires a bit more time and more complex formulas, but I believe this is a worthy investment because once set up, such drop-down menus are real pleasure to work with.
As with almost anything in Excel, you can achieve the same result in several ways. In particular, you can create a dynamic dropdown using a combination of OFFSET, INDIRECT and COUNTA functions or a more resilient INDEX MATCH formula. The latter is my preferred way because it provides numerous advantages, the most essential of which are:
- You have to create 3 named ranges only, no matter how many items there are in the main and dependent lists.
- Your lists may contain multi-word items and any special chars.
- The number of entries can vary in each column.
- The entries' sort order does not matter.
- Finally, it's very easy to maintain and modify the source lists.
Okay, enough theory, let's get to practice.
1. Organize your source data in a table
As usual, the first thing for you to do is to write down all the choices for your drop-down lists in a worksheet. This time, you will have store the source data in an Excel table. For this, once you have entered the data, select all of the entries and press Ctrl + T or click Insert tab > Table. Then type a name of your table in the Table Name box.
The most convenient and visual approach is to store the items for the first drop-down as table headers, and the items for the dependent dropdown as table data. The screenshot below illustrates the structure of my table, named exporters_tbl - the fruit names are table headers and a list of exporting countries is added under the corresponding fruit name.
2. Create Excel names
Now that your source data is ready, it's time to set up named references that will dynamically retrieve the correct list from your table.
2.1. Add a name for the table's header row (main dropdown)
To create a new name that references the table header, select it and then either click Formulas > Name Manager > New or press Ctrl + F3.
Microsoft Excel will use the built-in table reference system to create the name of the table_name[#Headers] pattern.
Give it some meaningful and easy to remember name, e.g. fruit_list, and click OK.
2.2. Create a name for the cell containing the first drop-down list
I know that you don't have any dropdown yet :) But you have to choose the cell to host your first dropdown and create a name for that cell now because you will need to include this name in the third name's reference.
For example, my first drop-down box is reside in cell B1 on Sheet 2, so I create a name for it, something simple and self-explanatory like fruit:
Tip. Use appropriate cell references to copy drop-down lists across the worksheet.
Please be sure to read the following few paragraphs carefully because this a very useful tip you that don't want to miss. Thanks a lot to Karen for posting it!
If you plan to copy your drop-down lists to other cells, then use mixed cell references when creating the name for the cell(s) with your first drop-down list.
For the drop-downs to copy correctly to other columns (i.e. to the right), use relative column (without the $ sign) and absolute row (with $) references like = Sheet2!B$1.
As the result, B1's dependent drop down list will appear in cell B2; C1's dependent drop-down will display in C2, and so on.
And if you plan to copy the dropdowns to other rows (i.e. down the column), then use absolute column (with $) and relative row (without $) coordinates like = Sheet2!$B1.
To copy a drop-down cell in any direction, use a relative reference (without the $ sign) like = Sheet2!B1.
2.3. Create a name to retrieve the dependent menu's entries
Instead of setting up unique names for each of the dependent lists like we did in the previous example, we are going to create one named formula that is not assigned to any particular cell or a range of cells. It will retrieve the correct list of entries for the second dropdown depending on which selection is made in the first drop-down list. The main benefit of using this formula is that you won't have to create new names as you add new entries to the first drop-down list - one named formula covers them all.
You create a new Excel name with this formula:
=INDEX(exporters_tbl,,MATCH(fruit,fruit_list,0))
Where:
exporters_tbl- the name of the table (created in step 1);fruit- the name of the cell containing the first drop-down list (created in step 2.2);fruit_list- the name referencing the table's header row (created in step 2.1).
I gave it a name exporters_list, as you see in the screenshot below.
Well, you have already done the major part of the work! Before getting to the final step, it may be a good idea to open the Name Manager (Ctrl + F3) and verify the names and references:
3. Set up Excel Data Validation
This is actually the easiest part. With the two named formulas in place, you set up Data Validation in the usual way (Data tab > Data validation).
- For the first drop-down list, in the Source box, enter =fruit_list (the name created in step 2.1).
- For the dependent drop-down list, enter =exporters_list (the name created in step 2.3).
Done! Your dynamic cascading drop-down menu is accomplished and will update automatically reflecting the changes you've made to the source table.
This dynamic Excel dropdown, perfect in all other respects, has one shortcoming - if the columns of your source table contain a different number of items, the blank rows will appear in your menu like this:
Exclude blank rows from the dynamic cascading dropdown
If you want to clean any blank lines in your drop-down boxes, you will have to take a step further and improve the INDEX / MATCH formula used to create the dependent dynamic drop-down list.
The idea is to use 2 INDEX functions, where the first gets the upper-left cell and the second returns the lower-right cell of the range, or the OFFSET function with nested INDEX and COUNTA. The detailed steps follow below:
1. Create two additional names
Not to make the formula too bulky, create a couple of helper names with the following simple formulas first:
- A name called col_num to reference the selected column number:
=MATCH(fruit,fruit_list,0) - A name called entire_col to reference the selected column (not the column's number, but the entire column):
=INDEX(exporters_tbl,,col_num)
In the above formulas, exporters_tbl is your source table's name, fruit is the name of the cell containing the first dropdown, and fruit_list is the name referencing the table's header row.
2. Create the named reference for the dependent dropdown
Next, utilize either of the below formulas to create a new name (let's call it exporters_list2) to be used with the dependent drop-down list:
=INDEX(exporters_tbl,1,col_num) : INDEX(exporters_tbl, COUNTA(entire_col), col_num)
=OFFSET(INDEX(exporters_tbl,1,col_num),0,0,COUNTA(entire_col))
3. Apply Data Validation
Finally, select the cell containing the dependent dropdown and apply Data Validation by entering = exporters_list2 (the name created in the previous step)in the Source box.
The screenshot below shows the resulting dynamic drop-down menu in Excel where all blank lines are gone!
Note. When working with dynamic cascading drop down lists created with the above formulas, nothing prevents the user from changing the value in the first dropdown after making the selection in the second menu, as a result, the choices in the primary and secondary dropdowns may mismatch. You can block changes in the first box after a selection is made in the second one by using either VBA or complex formulas suggested in this tutorial.
This is how you create an Excel data validation list based on the values of another list. Please feel free to download our sample workbooks to see the cascading drop-down lists in action. Thank you for reading!
Practice workbook for download
Cascading Dropdown Sample 1- easy version
Cascading Dropdown Sample 2 - advanced version without blanks
329 comments
Perfecto
This is an wonderful illustration, thanks! But I'm getting stuck in a problem. My requirement is to create a task and sub-task list and populate that on daily basis. I mean master sheet will contain tasks like Functional Design, Technical Design etc.; sub-tasks like preparation, review, rework etc. There will data validation in user input sheet where user will select a task on daily basis and a sub-task will be populated accordingly. Above example is working only for a particular row. Because "fruit" refers to cell "Sheet2!$B$1". What do I need to do to make it applicable for Sheet2!$B$2..$B$10 and so on?
I would like to make a drop down from a table where i select an item # (column A) and the description (column b) automatically appears. Is this possible?
article is very good but i have one query..
in C column i want to show some data dependent on what select in B column. i know by using indirect function we can do that. but how to implement this logic to entire column? can you please help becuase it is very hard to select each cell update indirect(b2), indirect(b3)...etc...
Not sure if I understood it
It's really weird. I've done exactly what you suggested, but it's not updating automatically - I wonder what I'm doing wrong. I'm using Excel 2013.
Hi all,
How can add a Validation Button On My Sheet. How can add the sheet Which is in Drop Down List
I want to select data from three drop down list ddl1, ddl2 & ddl3 and the result should be shown by matching the details.
For example: I have ddl city1 & city2 and third ddl as mode_of_transport.
When I select a city from city1 and another city from city2 and from third I select mode as ROAD, then the result should display cost of ticket and time taken.
Is it possible ??
Hello,
I have the 2 dropdowns. The first se;ects a type of machine, once selected the second will display only the material that works on the machine. When selecting another machine in the first dropdown I would like the second that displays the material to go blank and ready for a selection. Reason is by not going blank the material that is still listed will be associated with the first machine selection making a error. By going blank with a new machine machine is selected in the first dropdown will force the person making the selection to select the correct material thus eleminating the chance of the error.
Great Tutorial Thank you!
I have 2 worksheets. One has 14 Columns. Each Column has between 2 and 8 items to select. On the next Sheet I have a drop arrow for one cell to choose one of the 14 column items (thanks to your tutorial) However, the next cell needs to give me the items for each column header. I have tried data validation, list, and since my source is on another sheet: =Indirect(SUBSTITUTE(Sheet2!$A$1:$D$7))I then get an error message. Is this a 2 steps process somewhere, or what am I missing?
Thank you,
Erin
Hello,
I followed your article closely and have managed to achieve what I intended. Thanks a ton.
However, I am unable to apply it to other cells (rows below) if i drag the bottom right of the cell where the formulae are working well.
What am I doing wrong?
Thanks in advance,
Shreeram
I after something similar. My drop down list is either BPay or Bank Deposit. If they select BPay, I want Biller code and Reference to appear in 2 different cells below. Like wise, if Bank Deposit is selected, I want Acc No, Acc Name, Bank Name and BSB to appear in 4 cells below.
Is this possible?
Thank you
Dan
Hi there!
I have been looking for a way where by if i enter an item's name ie. Bag, in the next cell the price ie. $19.50 would automatically appear. Is it possible on excel?:)
Thank you!
-Sarah
Svetlana,
So I have two columns, each being a drop-down list. I want to be able to change either list, based on the choice in the other cell.
For example, if i choose "apple" from the drop down list in A1, B1 will then read "red".
But conversely, i would like to choose "pink" from the drop down list in B1, and have it change A1 to "peach".
And this applies back and forth so that each column, A and B will be updated no matter which list is chosen from, all the while keeping them drop down lists.
Let me know if you can help! That'd be amazing
-Sam
Hi
This helped a lot. I created a dynamic drop down list referencing another drop down list, following your steps and it work perfectly.
My problem is now when I try to copy those cells and defined names to a second sheet to have different information shown on sheet2, the defined names still reference the first sheet only. Is there a way to have the entire name (in your case the 'fruit' name) reference sheet2!A5, sheet3!A5, etc? Everything is the same as sheet 1, I just need the fruit cell to reference the new sheet instead of the old.
I am facing the same issue, @Nathan, did it resolve for you?
Hello,
What if your dependent variable on the table is a number.
I am having this issue. Excel says that the dependent name can't be a number, and I need my 3rd column to be dependent on the 2nd column (which is composed by numbers only).
Thanks
Is it possible to create sub-choices within a drop down list?
Apple
- green
- red
Mango
- for juice
- for pulp
- fresh
- tinned
Similar to the menu > sub-menu > sub-sub menu > sub-sub-sub menu cascade that you have with Windows "All Programs"
Great tutorial! I am trying to apply this dependent dropdown list to an entire column. Eg. What is selected in B2 will affect the dropdown menu in C2. What is selected in B3 will affect the dropdown menu in C3. How do I apply this rule to the entire column (of 20,000 lines)??
When I select the whole column to apply this rule to, C3's menu depends on B2 instead of B3.
Please help!
I'm having the same issue, did you ever figure out how to remedy this? Thanks!
Hi, great article!
I've also read the article "Creating a drop down list in Excel: static, dynamic, from another workbook" and I learned a lot!
Right now I'm trying to make a 3 level cascading list, Country, Province/State, City/Municipality, that is editable in the future.
I would like to know if its possible in excel.
If possible, sending me a template would help a lot, or at least please tell me how to.
Thanks a lot in advance!
Hello JIrman,
Please check out "5. Add a third dependent drop-down list (optional)" in this tutorial. It explains the detailed steps on adding the 3rd level.
Hi, great article!
I've also read the article "Creating a drop down list in Excel: static, dynamic, from another workbook" and I learned a lot!
Right now I'm trying to make a 3 level cascading list, Country, Province/State, City/Municipality, that is editable in the future.
I would like to know if its possible in excel.
If possible, sending me a template would help a lot, or at least please tell me how to.
Thanks a lot in advance!